Lateralized periodic discharges are most likely associated with which condition?

Lateralized periodic discharges, often referred to as lateralized periodic epileptiform discharges (LPEDs), are primarily associated with conditions that affect one hemisphere of the brain. In the context of herpes simplex encephalitis, these discharges are typically observed due to the concentrated inflammation in the temporal lobes, which is a hallmark of the condition. Herpes simplex encephalitis can lead to significant changes in the brain's electrical activity, particularly in the early stages of the disease, leading to the appearance of these lateralized discharges.

The presence of lateralized periodic discharges indicates focal cerebral dysfunction, which is characteristic of herpes simplex encephalitis as it often affects specific brain areas, leading to unique patterns in EEG readings. Other conditions may exhibit different EEG features, and while they can also lead to some periodic discharges, they are less likely to show the specific lateralized patterns associated with herpes simplex infection.