What is a common metabolic disorder that can lead to brain dysfunction?

Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition that arises from liver dysfunction, resulting in the accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream, particularly ammonia. The liver is responsible for detoxifying substances in the body, and when it is not functioning properly, these toxins can cross the blood-brain barrier and lead to neurotransmitter alterations, inflammation, and ultimately brain dysfunction. Symptoms may range from confusion and altered consciousness to severe neurological impairments, making it a well-recognized metabolic disorder associated with neurological effects.

While diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome can also affect brain function, hepatic encephalopathy is specifically linked to acute changes in mental status due to metabolic derangements stemming from liver disease. The connection between liver dysfunction and its direct impact on brain function makes hepatic encephalopathy a critical topic in understanding metabolic disorders that lead to neurological complications.