What is the main symptom of hepatic encephalopathy?

Hepatic encephalopathy primarily manifests as altered mental status. This condition arises due to the liver's inability to properly detoxify substances in the bloodstream, which leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, such as ammonia. These toxins can affect brain function, resulting in a wide range of neurological and psychological symptoms, including confusion, disorientation, and changes in behavior, all encompassed under the term "altered mental status."

While other symptoms like memory loss, motor dysfunction, and seizures can be associated with hepatic encephalopathy, they are not the main or most characteristic symptoms. Altered mental status is the hallmark feature and is often the first sign that prompts further investigation into potential liver dysfunction. This emphasizes the critical role of the liver in maintaining brain health and the significant impact its failure has on cognitive function.